Grade 8 Math Curriculum

A. Number

A1. Number Sense

Rational and Irrational Numbers

• Represent and compare very large and very small numbers, including through the use of scientific notation, and describe various ways they are used in everyday life
• Describe, compare, and order numbers in the real number system (rational and irrational numbers), separately and in combination, in various contexts
• Estimate and calculate square roots, in various contexts

Fractions, Decimals and Percents

• Use fractions, decimal numbers, and percents, including percents of more than 100% or less than 1%, interchangeably and flexibly to solve a variety of problems

A2. Operations

Properties and Relationships

• Use the properties and order of operations, and the relationships between operations, to solve problems involving rational numbers, ratios, rates, and percents, including those requiring multiple steps or multiple operations

Math Facts

• Understand and recall commonly used square numbers and their square roots

Mental Math

• Use mental math strategies to multiply and divide whole numbers and decimal numbers up to thousandths by powers of ten, and explain the strategies used

Addition and Subtraction

• Add and subtract integers, using appropriate strategies, in various contexts
• Add and subtract fractions, using appropriate strategies, in various contexts

Multiplication and Division

• Multiply and divide fractions by fractions, as well as by whole numbers and mixed numbers, in various contexts⁵
• Multiply and divide integers, using appropriate strategies, in various contexts
• Compare proportional situations and determine unknown values in proportional situations, and apply proportional reasoning to solve problems in various contexts

B. Algebra

B1. Patterns and Relationships

Patterns

• Identify and compare a variety of repeating, growing, and shrinking patterns, including patterns found in reallife contexts, and compare linear growing and shrinking patterns on the basis of their constant rates and initial values
• Create and translate repeating, growing, and shrinking patterns involving rational numbers using various representations, including algebraic expressions and equations for linear growing and shrinking patterns
• Determine pattern rules and use them to extend patterns, make and justify predictions, and identify missing elements in growing and shrinking patterns involving rational numbers, and use algebraic representations of the pattern rules to solve for unknown values in linear growing and shrinking patterns
• Create and describe patterns to illustrate relationships among rational numbers

B2. Equations and Inequalities

Variables and Expressions

• Add and subtract monomials with a degree of 1, and add binomials with a degree of 1 that involve integers, using tools
• Evaluate algebraic expressions that involve rational numbers

Equalities and Inequalities

• Solve equations that involve multiple terms, integers, and decimal numbers in various contexts, and verify solutions
• Solve inequalities that involve integers, and verify and graph the solutions

B3. Coding

Coding Skills

• Solve problems and create computational representations of mathematical situations by writing and executing code, including code that involves the analysis of data in order to inform and communicate decisions
• Read and alter existing code involving the analysis of data in order to inform and communicate decisions, and describe how changes to the code affect the outcomes and the efficiency of the code

C. Data

C1. Data Literacy

Data Collection and Organization

• Identify situations involving one-variable data and situations involving two-variable data, and explain when each type of data is needed
• Collect continuous data to answer questions of interest involving two variables, and organize the data sets as appropriate in a table of values

Data Visualization

• Select from among a variety of graphs, including scatter plots, the type of graph best suited to represent various sets of data; display the data in the graphs with proper sources, titles, and labels, and appropriate scales; and justify their choice of graphs
• Create an infographic about a data set, representing the data in appropriate ways, including in tables and scatter plots, and incorporating any other relevant information that helps to tell a story about the data

Data Analysis

• Use mathematical language, including the terms "strong", "weak", "none", "positive", and "negative", to describe the relationship between two variables for various data sets with and without outliers
• Analyse different sets of data presented in various ways, including in scatter plots and in misleading graphs, by asking and answering questions about the data, challenging preconceived notions, and drawing conclusions, then make convincing arguments and informed decisions

C2. Probability

Probability

• Solve various problems that involve probability, using appropriate tools and strategies, including Venn and tree diagrams
• Determine and compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of multiple independent events happening and of multiple dependent events happening

E. Spatial Sense

E1. Geometric and Spatial Reasoning

Geometric Reasoning

• Identify geometric properties of tessellating shapes and identify the transformations that occur in the tessellations
• Make objects and models using appropriate scales, given their top, front, and side views or their perspective views
• Use scale drawings to calculate actual lengths and areas, and reproduce scale drawings at different ratios

Location and Movement

• Describe and perform translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations on a Cartesian plane, and predict the results of these transformations

E2. Measurement

The Metric System

• Represent very large (mega, giga, tera) and very small (micro, nano, pico) metric units using models, base ten relationships, and exponential notation

Lines and Angles

• Solve problems involving angle properties, including the properties of intersecting and parallel lines and of polygons

Length, Area and Volume

• Solve problems involving the perimeter, circumference, area, volume, and surface area of composite twodimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects, using appropriate formulas
• Describe the Pythagorean relationship using various geometric models, and apply the theorem to solve problems involving an unknown side length for a given right triangle

F. Financial Literacy

F1. Money and Finances

Money Concepts

• Describe some advantages and disadvantages of various methods of payment that can be used when dealing with multiple currencies and exchange rates

Financial Management

• Create a financial plan to reach a long-term financial goal, accounting for income, expenses, and tax implications
• Identify different ways to maintain a balanced budget, and use appropriate tools to track all income and spending, for several different scenarios
• Determine the growth of simple and compound interest at various rates using digital tools, and explain the impact interest has on long-term financial planning

Consumer and Civic Awareness

• Compare various ways for consumers to get more value for their money when spending, including taking advantage of sales and customer loyalty and incentive programs, and determine the best choice for different scenarios
• Compare interest rates, annual fees, and rewards and other incentives offered by various credit card companies and consumer contracts to determine the best value and the best choice for different scenarios